A method for detecting and controlling self-service terminal cash dispensing quality, comprising: step S1, detecting an empty box in a self-service terminal, setting the cash dispensing qualification rate of the empty box as 0, and permanently shielding the same; step S2, detecting a cash-jamming cash-box in the self-service terminal, setting the cash dispensing qualification rate of the cash-jamming cash-box as 0, and permanently shielding the same; step S3, detecting the cash dispensing qualification rates of all non-empty and non-cash-jamming cash-boxes, classifying all the non-empty and non-cash-jamming cash-boxes according to denomination, and sequencing the cash-boxes of each denomination in descending order according to the cash dispensing qualification rates; and step S4, maintaining the first M-th number of cash-boxes of each denomination in an open state, and maintaining the other cash-boxes in a temporarily shielded state. The method and device for detecting and controlling self-service terminal cash dispensing quality firstly feeds out cash from a cash-box having a higher cash dispensing qualification rate, and will re-sequence the cash dispensing qualification rates after each cash dispensing operation, thus not only ensuring the same amount of service and minimizing the cash in a recycling box, but also optimizing idle cash resources, and improving the activation rate of a self-service device.