Disclosed is a rail vibration absorber, comprising an elastic element (4), a mass (3) and at least one coupling frame (2). The coupling frame (2) has the same surface shape as a non-working surface coupling portion of a steel rail. The coupling frame (2) comprises at least one vibration absorption cavity (100). The mass (3) is at least partially disposed in the vibration absorption cavity (100) of the coupling frame (2). The elastic element (4) is arranged between the mass (3) and a wall of the vibration absorption cavity (100). The rail vibration absorber has a simple structure, stable performance and good weatherability, and can effectively slow wear to the steel rail and prolong the service life thereo£