The present invention can realize both a transmission type and a reflection type, and provides a holographic microscope which can exceed the resolution of the conventional optical microscope, a hologram data acquisition method for a high-resolution image, and a high-resolution hologram image reconstruction method. In-line spherical wave reference light (L) is recorded in a hologram (I LR ) using spherical wave reference light (R), and an object light (O j ) and an illumination light (Q j ) are recorded in a hologram (I j OQR ) using a spherical wave reference light (R) by illuminating the object with an illumination light (Q j , j=1, .., N) which is changed its incident direction. From those holograms, a hologram (J j OQL ), from which the component of the reference light (R) is removed, is generated, and from the hologram, a light wave (h j ) is generated. A light wave (c j ) of the illumination light (Q j ) is separated from the light wave (h j ), and using its phase component (ξ j =c j /|c j |), a phase adjustment reconstruction light wave is derived and added up as (H P =∑h j /ξ j ), and an object image (S P =|H P | 2 ) is reconstructed.