Disclosed are a hand-held vision detecting device and a method for using the hand-held vision detecting device to realize various eyesight measurements without wearing glasses and the steps therefor, wherein the hand-held vision detecting device at least comprises: an imaging lens group consisting of at least one imaging lens (16) and an eye chart (4). The cornea (15) of the subject can be located at the focal point at one side f the imaging lens group (16). The center of the eye chart (4) is provided at the other side of the imaging lens group (16) and can move forwards and backwards along the optical path. By using this device, the following functions can be achieved: 1. visual acuity measurement of the naked eye; 2. corrected visual acuity measurements; 3. measurements for detecting the strength of the glasses which should be worn when the corrected visual acuity is 1.0; 4. poor vision and amblyopia vision detection; and 5. astigmatism detection. People can detect vision anytime and anywhere through this device and detection method via simple and easy operations, and the detection results are accurate.