The embodiment of the present invention discloses a data transmission method, including: obtaining subframe types of subframes for bearing data transmission (101); transmitting data on the subframes according to the subframe types; when the subframe types at least includes a first predefined subframe type and a first conventional subframe type, configuring a different value for an element in a transmission structure respectively used by the first predefined subframe type and the first conventional subframe type; when the subframe types at least includes a second predefined subframe type and a second conventional subframe type, configuring the second conventional subframe to be an uplink subframe or downlink subframe within preset time; configuring the second predefined subframe to switch between uplink and downlink within the preset time; and when the subframe types at least includes a third predefined subframe type and a third conventional subframe type, configuring maximum transmission power of the third predefined subframe to be less than that of the third conventional subframe (102). Also disclosed are another two data transmission methods, devices, and related storage mediums.