A video decoding apparatus includes a reference picture list storing unit configured to store picture information of pictures; a motion vector information storing unit configured to store motion vector information including motion vectors of blocks that are spatially and temporally adjacent to a target block to be decoded and reference picture identifiers indicating pictures that the motion vectors refer to; and a vector predictor generating unit configured to scale a vector predictor candidate for a motion vector of the target block based on the picture information and the motion vector information and to correct the scaled vector predictor candidate toward 0 by a predetermined amount.