The invention relates to a device (26; 26.1; 26.2) for generating test x-ray images for training and/or testing operating persons at the location of use of at least one x-ray inspection installation (10.1, 10.2, 10.n) for nondestructively inspecting an inspection object (14), in particular a piece of luggage or a package, wherein the generating unit (26; 26.1; 26.2) comprises: an inspection object database (34) for storing x-ray image data of inspection objects (14) generated by means of the at least one x-ray inspection installation (10.1, 10.2, 10.n); a target item database (36) having image data of target items; and an image projection unit (38) for projecting a virtual image of a target item from the target object database (36) into an x-ray image from the inspection object database (34) in order to generate a test x-ray image, wherein the image projection unit (38) is designed to generate test x-ray images on the basis of an x-ray image of an inspection object (14), said x-ray image having been recorded before a first time duration and the associated inspection object having already been classified as safe and/or said x-ray image having been classified as safe in an automatic check. The invention further relates to a corresponding method for generating test x-ray images; a central control unit (18) for at least one x-ray inspection installation (10.1, 10.2, 10.n), said central control unit comprising the generating device (26; 26.1; 26.2); and a luggage- or package-checking system (1).