The present invention relates to an aluminum composite panel containing an aerogel, the aluminum composite panel having improved adiabatic property, flame retardancy, and moldability by having an aerogel composite using a silica aerogel and a thermoplastic resin, and to a method for manufacturing the same. The present invention provides an aluminum composite panel containing an aerogel, by molding an aerogel composite from a mixture of 1-90 wt% of a silica aerogel and 10-99 wt% of a thermoplastic resin, and then attaching aluminum plates on an upper surface and a lower surface of the aerogel composite, respectively, while an adhesive resin is coated on the upper surface and the lower surface. The aluminum composite panel containing an aerogel, manufactured according to the present invention, has a lower hygroscopic property than the conventional aluminum composite panel, due to the silica aerogel, and thus has an effect of exhibiting excellent adiabatic property and flame retardancy, retains excellent moldability, is light, and has an effect of facilitating a construction work.