The invention relates to a method for monitoring the positioning of the teeth of a patient, said method including the following steps: a) less than three months after the start of an orthodontic treatment, producing an initial reference model of the arches of the patient, and, for each tooth, defining, from the initial reference model, a tooth model; b) acquiring at least one updated image of said arches, under actual acquisition conditions; c) analysing each updated image and producing, for each updated image, an updated map relative to a piece of discriminating information; d) optionally determining, for each updated image, rough virtual acquisition conditions that approximate said actual acquisition conditions; e) searching each updated image for a final reference model corresponding to the positioning of the teeth during the acquisition of the updated image, and; f) for each tooth model, comparing the positions of said tooth model in the initial reference model and in the reference model obtained at the end of the preceding steps, in order to determine the movement of the teeth between steps a) and b).