Provided are a flame-retardant polyolefin resin composition with high flame retardancy, particularly sufficient flame retardancy to meet the UL94 5VA standard and a molded article with high flame retardancy, particularly sufficient flame retardancy to meet the UL94 5VA standard. The composition includes 100 parts by mass of a polyolefin resin, (A) 10 to 60 parts by mass of at least one melamine salt selected from the group consisting of melamine orthophosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, and melamine polyphosphate, (B) 15 to 90 parts by mass of at least one piperazine salt selected from the group consisting of piperazine orthophosphate, piperazine pyrophosphate, and piperazine polyphosphate, and (C) 10 to 140 parts by mass of glass fiber.