A central traction device for a straddling monorail train comprises a traction pin (9) and a traction beam (10). A central sleeve (22) is disposed at the center of the traction beam (10), the traction pin (9) is mounted in the central sleeve (22), the inner chamber of the central sleeve (22) is of a tightened-waist structure having bigger apertures at the upper end and the lower end and a smaller aperture at the middle part, a biconical inclined plane is formed, and an elastic rubber sleeve is disposed between the inner wall of the central sleeve (22) and the traction pin (9). The device has a simple and compact overall structure, and helps to implement connection and separation between a vehicle body and a bogie; by means of cooperation among the traction beam (10) of the tightened-waist structure, the elastic rubber sleeve and a traction rubber pile (11), transmission of traction force and braking force during operation of a vehicle in function is better implemented, the change of load in a transverse direction and a longitudinal direction as well as loading can also be better adapted, requirements of a larger traction force and a larger load change can be satisfied, and the stability and the comfort during operation of the vehicle are greatly improved.