Provided is a reciprocating compressor. The reciprocating compressor includes a cylinder having a compression space, a piston inserted into the cylinder to define the compression space while being reciprocated, the piston having a suction passage to communicate with the compression space, a gas bearing having a bearing hole passing through the cylinder so that a refrigerant gas is injected between the cylinder and the piston to support the piston with respect to the cylinder, and a flow resistance part disposed on one side of the cylinder to restrict a flow of the refrigerant gas flowing toward the bearing hole. The bearing hole comprises a guide groove recessed from the outer circumferential surface of the cylinder in a circumferential direction; and a plurality of nozzle parts extending from the guide groove toward an inner circumferential surface of the cylinder, wherein the guide groove has a cross-sectional area greater than that of the nozzle parts.