An optical coupling apparatus includes: a first optical chip (32), a second optical chip (33), and an optical writing waveguide block (36), where the first optical chip is coupled to the optical writing waveguide block in a first coupling manner, and the second optical chip is coupled to the optical writing waveguide block in a second coupling manner; and the first optical chip is optically interconnected to the second optical chip by using the optical writing waveguide block. Compatibility between a plurality of coupling manners is implemented by using the technical solution.