An optical transmitter of an optical data transmission system transmitting data through an optical fiber transmission path includes a main signal generator that converts first transmission data into a predetermined signal format to generate a first signal, a DCSK modulator that DCSK-modulates second transmission data to generate a second signal, a signal-multiplexer that performs time-division multiplexing of the first signal and the second signal, and an electro-optical converter that converts a multiplexed signal obtained by the time-division multiplexing of the signal-multiplexer from an electric signal into an optical signal, and outputs the optical signal to the optical fiber transmission path.