An encoding method and apparatus are provided, relating to the encoding technique. The encoding method includes: acquiring data to be encoded; performing linear block encoding on the data to be encoded together with data in a pre-set first-in first-out memory, called FIFO memory, to obtain a check code, wherein the FIFO memory has a depth of N, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1; acquiring a code word to be sent according to the data to be encoded and the check code; acquiring a matrix to be processed corresponding to the code word to be sent, and storing the matrix to be processed in the FIFO memory; and performing matrix row and column transformation operation on all of the matrixes to be processed in the FIFO memory according to a predetermined mapping relationship to obtain a new matrix, wherein the matrix row and column transformation operation refers to an operation of changing position of each element in the matrix to be processed, without changing value of each element. The present disclosure is used in encoding technique.