A reciprocating compressor (10) according to an aspect includes a driving unit (200); a connecting rod (340); a piston (350); a cylinder (330); and a valve assembly (420), wherein the valve assembly (420) includes a valve plate (421) forming a main body, a suction inlet (422a) and a discharge outlet (423a) disposed at the valve plate (421) and coming in communication with a compression space (C) of the cylinder (330) to guide a refrigerant flow, a suction valve (422) and a discharge valve (423) disposed at the valve plate (421) and selectively opening the suction inlet (422a) and the discharge outlet (423a), and a plurality of coupling portions disposed at the valve plate (421), and a plurality of corresponding coupling portions disposed to correspond to each of the plurality of coupling portions and preventing the valve assembly (420) from being erroneously assembled are disposed at the cylinder (330).