A data transmission method, a chip, a transceiver, and a computer readable storage medium are provided. The method includes: obtaining K information bits; determining to-be-encoded bits, where the to-be-encoded bits include (K+P) bits, the (K+P) bits include the K information bits and P check bits, the K information bits correspond to K polarization channels, the P check bits include T first-type check bits, all the T first-type check bits are PC bits, and reliability of a polarization channel corresponding to each of the T first-type check bits is greater than a minimum value of reliability of the K polarization channels; and performing polar coding on the to-be-encoded bits to obtain encoded bits, where the (K+P) bits are in a one-to-one correspondence with (K+P) rows in a generator matrix of the encoded bits, a maximum row weight corresponding to the T first-type check bits is less than or equal to W 2 , and W 2 represents a second minimum value in row weights of the (K+P) rows.