A current protection system for an energy storage system includes: batteries (110) connected in parallel; battery control units (120) respectively connected to the batteries, and respectively having battery current measurement units (122); a battery connection panel (130) connecting the battery control units to one connection point, the battery connection panel having a contact point current measurement unit (131); and a control unit (140) configured to sum current values respectively measured by the battery current measurement units and a current value measured by the contact point current measurement unit, and to detect a presence of an internal short circuit (I 1 ) based on the sum.