An uplink signal transmission method and a device are provided. The uplink signal transmission method provided in the embodiments of this application includes: sending, by a terminal device, an uplink signal to a network device when the terminal device determines that a first variation meets a timing advance TA update condition, where the first variation is used to indicate a quality change value of a downlink signal received by the terminal device, a strength change value of the downlink signal, and/or a location change value of the terminal device; receiving, by the terminal device, first information sent by the network device; and when the first information includes TA information, adjusting, by the terminal device, an uplink transmission time based on the TA information.