The application relates to the technical field of casting and provides a casting mold, a counter-pressure casting method and a low-pressure casting method. The casting mold includes an upper mold insert arranged on an upper mold, a riser cavity is formed in a lower part of the upper mold insert, the riser cavity communicates with a mold cavity, an air pipe communicating with the riser cavity is arranged on the upper mold insert, one end of the air pipe is located at a top of the riser cavity, and compressed air can be introduced. The compressed air is introduced into the air pipe in the casting process, an upper part of the riser cavity forms a pressure with the same order of magnitude in a heat-insulating furnace, and the pressure of the riser is transmitted to a far-end defect position through local extrusion, thereby achieving the purpose of feeding the defect position to eliminate the defect.