Provided is a display substrate, including: a silicon-based substrate having a display area, a binding area located on one side of the display area, and a trace area located between the display area and the binding area; a trace protection structure is arranged on the silicon-based substrate in the trace area, and a pad assembly is integrated in the silicon-based substrate in the binding area; and a minimum distance between an edge of an orthographic projection of the trace protection structure on the silicon-based substrate and an edge of an orthographic projection of an opening of the pad assembly on the silicon-based substrate is smaller than a maximum size of one subpixel.