A fire extinguishing system (10), a server (30), a fire-fighting robot (40), and a fire extinguishing method (400). The system comprises: a fire source detection apparatus (20), which is arranged at a fixed position in a monitoring area, and is used for detecting a fire source in the monitoring area; the server (30), which is used for determining a fire source position on the basis of detection parameters provided by the fire source detection apparatus (20), determining a fire extinguishing position of the fire-fighting robot (40) on the basis of the fire source position, and sending a first robot control command that includes the fire extinguishing position; and the fire-fighting robot (40), which is used for moving to the fire extinguishing position on the basis of the first robot control command and executing fire extinguishing operations against the fire source, without using fire-fighting monitors in a fixed deployment, thereby reducing costs, improving the fire extinguishing efficiency, reducing the power loss of the fire-fighting robot, and improving the security of the fire-fighting robot.