A plunger pump, comprising a pump head assembly (100), which comprises: a pump head body (101), a chamber being provided in the pump head body (101); a liquid suction valve assembly (102), a liquid discharge valve assembly (103), and a separation sleeve (104) for separating the liquid suction valve assembly (102) from the liquid discharge valve assembly (103) that are located in the chamber; the chamber comprises: a liquid suction valve base mounting portion (1012) for mounting the liquid suction valve assembly (102), a separation sleeve mounting portion (1013) for mounting the separation sleeve (104), a liquid discharge valve base mounting portion (1014) for mounting the liquid discharge valve assembly (103), and a liquid suction chamber (1011) located on a lower side of the liquid suction valve base mounting portion (1012); the liquid suction chamber (1011) is in communication with an emulsion supply device by means of a pipeline, the transition between the liquid discharge valve base mounting portion (1014) and the separation sleeve mounting portion (1013) is achieved by means of a stepped surface, the pore diameter of the liquid discharge valve base mounting portion (1014) is larger than that of the separation sleeve mounting portion (1013), and the pore diameter of the separation sleeve mounting portion (1013) is larger than or equal to that of the liquid suction valve base mounting portion (1012). Moreover, a pump station using such a plunger pump, the plunger pump is easy to disassemble and assemble and maintain.