This application discloses an optical fiber distribution device, and an optical fiber scheduling method and system and belongs to the field of communication technologies. The optical fiber distribution device includes a distribution portion, a connector retracting portion, and a robot system. When scheduling optical fibers, the robot system retracts an optical fiber connector and an optical fiber to the connector retracting portion. Winding between an optical fiber connected to a target optical fiber connector and other optical fibers can be avoided in the retracting process, so that an insertion and removal robot does not need to travel in a complex route to bypass all optical fibers that may be wound, thereby greatly reducing time for optical fiber scheduling.