The present invention provides an application of α-asarone in the preparation of a medicine for preventing or treating hemorrhagic strokes. α-asarone has the structure shown in formula I, and may significantly improve short-term neurological deficits and long-term learning and memory functions of model rats, reduce cerebral edema, improve the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, and prevent or mitigate the atrophy of brain tissue during a recovery period. α-asarone has a precise therapeutic effect on animal models of hemorrhagic stroke without obvious toxic side effects, and is expected to have great application prospects as a medicine for preventing/treating hemorrhagic strokes.