An electronic device may include: a first housing for performing a sliding operation; a second housing fastened to the first housing and having at least one opening formed therethrough; a flexible display having an exposed area having a size changing in response to the sliding operation of the first housing; at least one sensor; a processor; and a memory operatively connected to the flexible display, the at least one sensor, and the processor and storing instructions. The instructions may be configured to cause, when executed by the processor, the electronic device to identify a first area of the flexible display by using the at least one sensor, the first area being visually exposed to the outside of the electronic device through the at least one opening, activate the first area, and receive a first user input with respect to the at least one opening to execute a preconfigured function. In addition, various embodiments identified by the specification are possible.