The present disclosure provides devices and methods for accelerating release and recycling of endogenous phosphorus in eutrophic water body. The device includes an isolation cover, an adsorption isolation layer, and a stirring system. The isolation cover is disposed at a sediment-water interface. The adsorption isolation layer is disposed above the isolation cover, and the adsorption isolation layer is filled with a phosphorus adsorbing material. A bottom end of the isolation cover is inserted into a sediment to form a confined space with the adsorption isolation layer to generate an anaerobic environment for the release of phosphorus from the sediment. The stirring system is used for disturbing water body and a surface sediment in the confined space formed by the adsorption isolation layer and the isolation cover to accelerate the release of phosphorus from the sediment and adsorption of phosphorus into the water body.