A foldable electronic device comprising: a foldable housing including a first and a second housing structures; a sensor module providing sensor information for identifying a folded or an unfolded state of the device; a first display disposed at a first side of the first housing structure; a foldable second display disposed at a second side, opposite of the first side, of the first housing structure and a third side of the second housing structure; a first and a second front cameras positioned to capture images a direction in which the first display and the second display face, respectively; a processor; and a memory storing instructions. The instructions cause the device to: display, via the first display, a first preview image obtained by the first front camera while the device is folded; while displaying the first preview image, identify that the state of the foldable electronic device is changed from folded to unfolded, based on the sensor information; and in response to identifying that the state is changed, activate the second display to display a second preview image obtained by the second front camera.