An electronic device comprises: a display module; at least one sensor; a communication module; and a processor. The processor may control so as to: obtain first exercise data on the basis of a value measured by means of the at least one sensor, in a first operation mode; generate and store first exercise summary data on the basis of the first exercise data; communication-connect to a first external electronic device by means of the communication module; if a predefined data type is received from the first external electronic device, switch to a second operation mode; receive a data transmission command from the first external electronic device by means of the communication module; when the data transmission command is received, obtain second exercise data corresponding to content displayed on the external electronic device, on the basis of a value measured by means of the at least one sensor; transmit second exercise data to the first external electronic device in real time for a predetermined time by means of the communication module; and receive and store second exercise summary data generated on the basis of the second exercise data, from the second external electronic device.