An audio data processing method, applied to an audio playback device, comprising: acquiring a current audio playback mode corresponding to the audio playback device (202); if the current audio playback mode is an active noise reduction mode, collecting ambient sound, and performing characteristic analysis on a preset frequency band signal of the ambient sound to obtain a first low-frequency band signal characteristic value corresponding to the ambient sound (204); performing characteristic analysis on the preset frequency band signal of an audio signal played back by the audio playback device to obtain a second low-frequency band signal characteristic value corresponding to the audio signal (206); and if the characteristic value of the first low-frequency band signal is greater than a first preset threshold, adjusting a feedback noise reduction parameter of the audio playback device on the basis of the characteristic value of the second low-frequency band signal (208).