The present application relates to a video encoding method and apparatus, a video decoding method and apparatus, a computer device, a storage medium, and a computer program product. The method comprises: acquiring basic encoding information and a basic quantization parameter corresponding to a current image to be encoded in a video, and calculating loss information of the current image to be encoded on the basis of the basic encoding information (202); mapping the basic quantization parameter to obtain an initial enhancement quantization parameter (204); using the initial enhancement quantization parameter to perform bit rate calculation to obtain an initial enhancement bit rate, and if there is a difference between the initial enhancement bit rate and a preset target enhancement bit rate, adjusting the initial enhancement quantization parameter to obtain a target enhancement quantization parameter (206); encoding the loss information on the basis of the target enhancement quantization parameter to obtain target enhancement encoding information, and obtaining, on the basis of the basic encoding information and the target enhancement encoding information, target encoding information corresponding to the current image to be encoded (208); and then performing data transmission on the target encoding information. The use of the method can improve the quality of multimedia video encoding.