The present disclosure discloses an inter-module connection structure and an energy storage power supply, where the inter-module connection structure includes a first component, a second component and a connecting component, where the first component is provided with a first connecting part, the second component is provided with a second connecting part, the first connecting part and the second connecting part are fitted in plug-in or lap manner, the connecting component passes through the first connecting part and the second connecting part to connect and fix the first component and the second component, and the first component and the second component, when in use, are constructed as a force-bearing component for bearing an acting force along a shear direction of the connecting component. A connection by the inter-module connection structure of the present disclosure is firm and reliable, and is not easy to get loose, thereby ensuring the safety of connection between modules.