The present invention relates to a cooling structure for an electric furnace cover. According to the present invention, the cooling structure includes: an electric furnace cover opening and closing the upper part of the electric furnace; multiple bent pipes which are provided in the electric furnace cover, each include an inlet gate for introducing cooling water and an outlet gate for discharging cooling water, and allow cooling water therein to flow; and a control unit differently controlling the outlet gate to be opened depending on heat transferred from the electric furnace to the electric furnace cover. As above, according to the present invention, multiple divided water-cooled cooling blocks are formed in the electric furnace cover opening and closing the upper part of the electric furnace and the flow rate of the passing cooling water is controlled by controlling the outlet gate to be opened in a state where all the inlet gates of the cooling blocks are open, thereby efficiently cooling heat applied to each cooling block during the operation of the electric furnace.