An apparatus for use in low-latency two-pass video coding may include a memory and a processor configured to execute instructions stored in the memory to identify an input frame from an input video stream, determine a reduced frame from the input frame, the reduced frame having a size smaller than a size of the input frame, generate an encoded reduced frame by encoding the reduced frame, wherein encoding the reduced frame includes generating encoding metrics, generate encoding parameters based on the encoding metrics, generate an encoded frame by encoding the input frame using an encoding parameter from the encoding parameters include the encoded frame in an output bitstream, and store or transmit the output bitstream.