An artificial acetabulum having a multilayer shell-core composite structure includes a ceramic acetabular liner, a transition layer and an acetabular shell. The acetabular shell is made of a porous metal, a porous alloy or a porous toughened ceramic; the ceramic acetabular liner is made of a ceramic material; and the transition layer is made of a composite material comprising materials of the acetabular shell and the ceramic acetabular liner. The artificial acetabulum is manufactured through sintering a green body of successively stacked layers of the ceramic acetabular liner, the transition layer and the acetabular shell, and the green body of successively stacked layers is obtained through a powder co-injection molding process. The ceramic acetabular liner of the artificial acetabulum has a high rigidness, corrosion-proof and wear-proof performance. The acetabular shell of the artificial acetabulum has a high toughness and shock resistant performance.