The present invention provides an FBMC transmit diversity transmission method and apparatus. The method includes: obtaining a to-be-transmitted data sequence, where the to-be-transmitted data sequence includes 2*M*N pieces of data; performing transmit diversity processing on the to-be-transmitted data sequence to obtain FBMC signals of a first antenna and a second antenna, where a precoding matrix is (I) or (II), a matrix that includes the FBMC signals of the first antenna and the second antenna is (III), a matrix that includes the to-be-transmitted data sequence is (IV), 0≤i≤M−1, 0≤j≤N−1, Y=WX, the 2*M*N pieces of data of the to-be-transmitted data sequence are denoted by x(0)(k,l) and x(1)(k,l), 0≤k≤M−1, 0≤l≤N−1, FBMC signals of the first antenna and the second antenna on an rth subcarrier and an sth symbol are denoted by y(0)(r,s) and y(1)(r,s), 0≤r≤2M−1, and 0≤s≤N−1; and transmitting the FBMC signals of the first antenna and the second antenna.