Noise induced by pattern-of-interest (POI) image registration and POI vicinity design patterns in intra-die inspection is reduced. POI are grouped into alignment groups by co-occurrence of proximate registration targets. The alignment groups are registered using the co-occurrence of proximate registration targets. Registration by voting is performed, which can measure a degree that each of the patterns-of-interest is an outlier. POI are grouped into at least one vicinity group with same vicinity design effects.