An axle box suspension positioning device for a railway vehicle is provided, which includes a guide column assembly. The guide column assembly includes a fixed end connected to a frame of the railway vehicle, and a free end which is extendable and retractable from an opening of the axle box. An elastic positioning component is provided in the opening, and the elastic positioning component limits a movement of the free end along a running direction of the vehicle with respect to the frame. The arrangement of the elastic positioning component enables the axle box suspension positioning device to have a large positioning rigidity. A bogie having the axle box suspension positioning device is also provided.