A method of transmitting a signal by adaptively controlling windowing or filtering by a user equipment in a wireless communication system, includes the steps of receiving a message including a timing advance (TA) value from a base station, determining a windowing type or a filtering type corresponding to the TA value, and transmitting an uplink signal to which the determined windowing type is applied. In this case, the windowing type is distinguished according to a length of a valid symbol and the filtering type can be distinguished according to a filter coefficient value.