A moving image coding apparatus is a moving image coding apparatus which codes a moving image, and includes a storage unit in which a plurality of reference pictures is stored; and a coding unit which codes a plurality of coding target pictures. The coding unit codes as a B picture a specific coding target picture among the plurality of coding target pictures by using a first reference picture list and a second reference picture list. The first reference picture list includes only one long-term reference picture ahead of the specific coding target picture among the plurality of reference pictures in a display order. The second reference picture list includes only one short-term reference picture ahead of the specific coding target picture among the plurality of reference pictures in the display order.