A method and apparatus for measuring a quality of a holographic image are provided. An image quality measuring method may include acquiring a first image including a holographic image in a background, and a second image that does not include a holographic image, the first image and the second image being on the same background, extracting a gray level value and a dark-noise counted level value from the first image in a selected range of the first image, extracting a gray level value and a dark-noise counted level value from the second image in the same range as the selected range of the first image, and determining a holographic contrast ratio (HCR) of the holographic image based on the extracted gray level values and the extracted dark-noise counted level values.