The present invention discloses an endoscope and a method of manufacturing the endoscope, and a medical detection system. The endoscope includes a housing; and a transparent cover structure, which includes a seal cover and at least one dissolution layer, the at least one dissolution layer wrapping around an outer surface of the seal cover, and the dissolution layer including a soluble material that can dissolve in digestive juices, wherein the housing and the transparent cover structure are connected in a sealed manner to form a sealed space, and the sealed space is provided therein with: an optical lens, which is provided in a region of the sealed space close to the transparent cover structure; a light source, which is provided in a region around the optical lens; and an image sensor, which is provided to correspond with the optical lens.