Methods, systems, and media for processing queries relating to presented media content are provided. In some implementations, a method comprises: receiving a request to associate with a media playback device that is presenting media content to a user of the mobile device; activating a microphone associated with the mobile device; converting received ambient sounds to text inputs; determining whether the text inputs include a trigger term and the query; determining media playback information from the media application that includes timing information corresponding to when during the presentation of the media content the query was received and media content identification information; causing a search to be performed that includes the query, the timing information, and the media content identification information; obtaining a search result that is responsive to the query; and presenting the search result on a display associated with the mobile device.