Providing hardware-based translation lookaside buffer (TLB) conflict resolution in processor-based systems is disclosed. In this regard, in one aspect, a memory system provides a memory management unit (MMU) and multiple hierarchical page tables, each comprising multiple page table entries comprising corresponding translation preference indicators. The memory system further includes a TLB comprising multiple TLB entries each configured to cache a page table entry. The MMU determines whether a TLB conflict exists between a first TLB entry caching a first page table entry comprising a translation preference indicator that is set and a second TLB entry caching a second page table entry comprising a translation preference indicator that is not set. If so, the MMU selects the first TLB entry for use in a virtual-to-physical address translation operation, based on the translation preference indicator of the first page table entry cached by the first TLB entry being set.