A lamp for a vehicle includes a lamp module configured to project an image to a road surface, at least one controller, and a computer-readable medium coupled to the at least one controller having stored thereon instructions which, when executed by the at least one controller, cause the at least one controller to perform operations. The operations include receiving vehicle driving information, and controlling the lamp module to project at least one of a state indicator or an operation indicator based on the vehicle driving information. The state indicator includes a projection image corresponding to first information that conveys a state related to the vehicle to an occupant of the vehicle, and the operation indicator includes a projection image corresponding to a user action to be performed by the occupant of the vehicle.