Provisioning timestamp-based storage units for time series data is described. A time series database system determines a remaining time period for a first storage unit to reach a storage capacity, the first storage unit storing first data with a first minimum timestamp. The time series database system provisions a second storage unit if the remaining time period for the first storage unit satisfies the provisioning threshold and stores second data with a second minimum timestamp to the second storage unit. The time series database system dispatches a query for third time series data to any storage unit if a time span from a minimum timestamp to a maximum timestamp associated with the storage unit includes at least part of a time range associated with the third time series data. The time series database system responds to the query for the third time series data based on dispatching the query.