Methods, systems, and computer readable media for charging based on radio congestion in mobile networks are disclosed. In some examples, a method includes receiving a radio congestion message specifying a user plane congestion level for a radio access network (RAN) from a RAN congestion awareness function (RCAF) for the RAN. The method includes providing the user plane congestion level to a charging system. The method includes, at the charging system, altering one or more charging records for one or more respective subscribers accessing the RAN with user equipment (UE) based on the user plane congestion level.