A touch panel, a display panel, a display device, and a method for recognizing a fingerprint are disclosed. The touch panel includes: an underlying substrate, a plurality of fingerprint recognizing units located on the underlying substrate, an encapsulation layer covering the plurality of fingerprint recognizing units, where each of the fingerprint recognizing units includes a light-emitting element and a photosensitive element; and a light path limiting structure arranged above the light-emitting element, where the light path limiting structure is arranged above the light-emitting element to enable light emitted from the light-emitting element to be totally reflected to thereby be transmitted in the light path limiting structure, and to exit the light path limiting structure by being concentrated in a small angle range.