A training resource allocation method and apparatus includes obtaining a training resource block through division for a frequency band within a resource allocation period, determining user equipment eligible to occupy the training resource block, where the user equipment are corresponding to an uplink data time-frequency resource already allocated to the frequency band, and determining, according to at least one of a duration for which user equipment occupies the frequency band within the resource allocation period and a duration of user equipment band from a previous time of occupation of a training resource block in the frequency, from the user equipment eligible to occupy the training resource block, user equipment that occupies the training resource block, and allocating the training resource block to the user equipment.