Optimizing program execution includes performing, to obtain a first expanded call graph, a first expansion of an initial call graph. The first initial call graph is defined for a program that includes a root method, a first child method, and a second child method. Based on an analysis of the first expanded call graph, the first child method, corresponding to a node in the first expanded call graph, is inlined into the root method. An optimization operation is performed in response to inlining the child method, and the first expanded call graph is updated based on the optimization operation. A second expansion of the updated call graph is performed. Based on an analysis of the second expanded call graph, the second child method is inlined into the root method, where the second child method corresponds to a node in the second expanded call graph. Compilation of the program is completed.